GAZETTE NOTICE NO. 11714

Pursuant to Section 7 of the Civil Procedure Act, the doctrine of res judicata applies to this case, barring the Commission from re- hearing or reviewing issues already litigated and determined in Malindi ELC No. 172 of 2014. While recognizing the historical context and the ancestral connection of the Claimants to the land, the Commission finds that the matter has been conclusively adjudicated and is therefore precluded from granting the reliefs sought or reopening the claim. 44. NLC/HLI/3515/2021 Kurawa Kanagoni Community -And- Kurawa Industries Limited, Ministry of Lands, Public Works, Housing And Urban Development, The Attorney General, County Government of Kilifi Pursuant to Section 6 of the Civil Procedure Act, the doctrine of sub-judice bars any tribunal or quasi-judicial body from entertaining a matter that is directly and substantially in issue before a court of competent jurisdiction between the same parties or their representatives. The Commission therefore finds that the claim is sub-judice and cannot be determined at this stage. The Commission accordingly defers to the jurisdiction of the Environment and Land Court pending the conclusion of Malindi ELC Petition No. 9 of 2016. 45. NLC/HLI/2593/2021 Hawkins Mdzomba And 18 Others -And- Coast Water Services Board Ministry of Water, Sanitation and Irrigation, County Government of Kilifi, The Attorney General, Ministry of Lands, Public Works, Housing And Urban Development In accordance with Section 7 of the Civil Procedure Act, the Commission finds that the claim is res judicata, as it involves the same parties, subject matter, and issues that were directly and substantially in dispute in the earlier case, which was determined by a court of competent jurisdiction. 46. NLC/HLI/1314/2021, NLC/HLI/2672/2021, NLC/HLI/2780/2021, NLC/HLI/2781/2021, NLC/HLI/2782/2021, NLC/HLI/2783/2021, NLC/HLI/2785/2021, NLC/HLI/2786/2021, NLC/HLI/2787/2021, NLC/HLI/2789/2021 NLC/HLI/2794/2021, NLC/HLI/2795/2021, NLC/HLI/2796/2021, NLC/HLI/2797/2021, NLC/HLI/2798/2021, NLC/HLI/2799/2021, NLC/HLI/2800/2021, NLC/HLI/2801/2021, NLC/HLI/2805/2021, NLC/HLI/2806/2021, NLC/HLI/2807/2021, NLC/HLI/2817/2021, NLC/HLI/2819/2021, NLC/HLI/2820/2021, Kahindi Amani Kashimbo, Mwenda Shede, Karisa Ndundi Kalume, Karisa Ali Kapira, John Makau Kalama, Sidi Nguta Nyamawi, Kavumbi Nzii Ruwa, Kahindi Katana, Rashid Mgao Munyoka, Stephen Charo Musinda, Wayua Kimuyu Ngoi, Kahindi Wanje Mwagandi, Thoya Kalume Thoya, John Kazungu Masha, Halima Mwambegu, Safari Nzai Ruwa, Kenga Ruwa Nzai, Charo Fondo Jilo, Ndokolani Ngari Kombe, Katana Masha Kitavu, Jumaa Katana Ruwa, Kadii Charo Kifaru, Karisa Charo Harry, Patrick Toya Baya, Mwanaisha Khoi Nzedzya, Safari Charo Masha, Robert Charo Karisa, Hassan Karisa Kalama, Charo Karisa Dena, Kitsao Charo, Mangi Yaa Mangi, Mutavali Kadenge Mabaya, Mkutano Charo Jilo, Sidi Charo Kadenge, Shikari Wanje Mwagandi, Phelix Mulewa Kalama, Hamisi Mnyika Mrema, Jumaa Mlai Mnyika, Kazungu Thoya Iha, Elliurs Karisa Shungu, Joseph Birya Masha, Kahindi Charo Menza, Changawa Fondo Kifalu, Katana Karisa Dena, Khamisi Karisa Dena, Hamisi Kalama, Raphael Chuphi Nguta, Michael Nyamawi Nguta, Kabibi Stuwi Chai and Joseph The commission makes a finding that the claimants were compensated. The Commission further gives a recommendation that the Government through verifiable process and a comprehensive audit of the 927 Project Affected Persons (PAPS) through a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) provide an alternative land to resettle the Project Affected Persons (PAPS). 14th November, 2025 THE KENYA GAZETTE No. Case No & County Parties Recommendation NLC/HLI/2821/2021, NLC/HLI/2822/2021, NLC/HLI/2828/2021, NLC/HLI/2829/2021, NLC/HLI/2830/2021, NLC/HLI/2831/2021, NLC/HLI/2909/2025, NLC/HLI/2911/2021, NLC/HLI/2912/2021, NLC/HLI/2913/2021, NLC/HLI/2914/2021, NLC/HLI/2915/2021, NLC/HLI/2928/2021, NLC/HLI/2929/2021, NLC/HLI/2931/2021, NLC/HLI/2932/2021, NLC/HLI/2933/2021, NLC/HLI/2934/2021, NLC/HLI/2935/2021, NLC/HLI/3102/2021, NLC/HLI/3094/2021, NLC/HLI/3101/2021, NLC/HLI/3092/2021, NLC/HLI/3376/2021 and NLC/HLI/3550/2021 (All consolidated) Mramba Matemo. NYERI COUNTY No Case No & County Parties Recommendation 1. NLC/HLI/638/2019 Daniel M. Kirori & Another (Claiming on behalf of the late Mzee Kirori Motoku) Vs The Attorney General & Others The County Government of Nyeri to compensate the family of the. late Mzee Kirori for the acquired land at the current market value within 3 years of this determination. 2. NLC/HLI/582/2019 Tucha/Kiandongoro Forest Evictees Va County Government of Nyeri &Another Ministry of Lands, Public Works & Urban Settlement to screen the claimants and those who have not been settled are settled through the Settlement Fund Trustees. 3. NLC/HLI/549/2019 Consolidated with NLC/HLI/067/2017 Githuri Hill & Mbari ya Murathimi Vs Min of Lands & Others The Claim is Subjudice and claimants should await the outcome of the court process. 4. NLC/ HLI /574/2019 Frank Rimiru Matuto (Claiming on behalf of Rumiru wa Ngumo & Wambugu wa Muigua families) Vs Attorney General & Others Recommended for further investigation 5. NLC/ HLI /426/2018 Mau Mau Harambee Jamhuri ya Kenya Vs Attorney General & Others Claim dismissed. MBARIS No Case No & County Parties Recommendation 1. NLC/HLI/009/2017 Mbari ya Gatonye wa Munene Either, KALRO to consider ceding off 337 acres of their land in exchange of land for equal value from the National Government or compensation for loss of user rights to be paid by the Ministry in charge of lands subject to confirmation that the claimants were not among those compensated in the Morris Carter report or benefited from any settlement schemes. 2. NLC/HLI/037/2017 Mbari ya Mburu Njoroge Claim is dismissed for lack of particularity and for being vague and too amorphous. 3. NLC/HLI/072/2017 Tigoni Land Claimants Claimants to pursue the claim before the British courts with the advice and support of the Attorney General and Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 4. NLC/HLI/079/2017 Acera a Mbari ya Kiahiu Clan The Commission therefore determined that the claim does not meet the threshold of a historical land injustice under Section 15 of the National Land Commission Act, as the matter constitutes a family dispute that has already been addressed through local tribunals and court processes. 5. NLC/HLI/096/2017 Aithiegeni A Mbari ya Muramaki The Commission therefore concludes that the claim cannot be substantively determined at this stage. The matter shall remain suspended pending the outcome of the ongoing court proceedings. Accordingly, the Commission declines to make any further findings or recommendations on compensation or restitution until the conclusion of Nyeri ELC Petition No. 8 of 2017. THE KENYA GAZETTE 14th November, 2025 No Case No & County Parties Recommendation 6. NLC/HLI/139/2017 Tutua Clan Self Help Group The Commission notes that two other persons claiming the same parcel of land were compensated in 1958 and therefore the claim is dismissed. 7. NLC/HLI/162/2017 and NLC/HLI/616/2019) Mbari ya Ngotho (Anjiru)Association The Commission notes that the claim overlaps with other Mbari claims (Mbari ya Mugochoku and Mbari ya Nyamu Association) and therefore concludes that the claim cannot be substantively determined at this stage. Therefore, the Commission recommends further investigations within 6 months from the coming in of the next commission. 8. NLC/HLI/208/2018 Family of Njoroge Karanja The Commission notes that the claim is too broad and the claimed parcels not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 9. NLC/HLI/218/2018 Mbari ya Githua Mutonga Association The Commission notes that the claim overlaps with other Mbari claims (Mbari ya manguru Association, Mbari ya Ngotho (Anjiru) Association, Mbari ya Nyamu Association and Mbari ya Kabui Association) and therefore concludes that the claim cannot be substantively determined at this stage. Therefore, the Commission recommends further investigations within 6 months from the coming in of the next commission. 10. NLC/HLI/268/2018 Mbari ya Gicheru and Munjuga The Commission notes that the claim is not clear. Therefore the claim is dismissed. 11. NLC/HLI/405/2018 Mbari ya Wahothi Social Welfare Group The Commission notes that the claim is too broad and not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 12. NLC/HLI/413/2018 Mbari ya Kabocha Association The claimed land is private land which is protected under Article 40 of the Constitution. However, the Commission recommends compensation for loss of user rights to be paid by the Ministry in charge of Lands subject to confirmation that the claimants were not among those compensated in the Morris Carter Report or benefited from the settlement schemes. 13. NLC/HLI/432/2018 George Gichuru Kibe- Githaka Forest of Muchiri Kianduma The Commission recommends that the Ministry of Lands resettle the claimants subjected to confirmation that they have not benefitted from any settlement scheme. 14. NLC/HLI/433/2018 Mbari ya Gathiru Welfare Association The Commission notes that the claim overlaps with other Mbari claims (Tigoni Land Claimants and Mbari ya Gikaru, Gikuni and Others Family) and therefore concludes that the claim cannot be substantively determined at this stage. Therefore, the Commission recommends further investigations within 6 months from the coming in of the next commission. 15. NLC/HLI/438/2018 Gatitu Nyarugumu Farmers and 2 others The Commission recommends ADR between the registered owners and the claimants to be facilitated by the Ministry of Lands. 16. NLC/HLI/446/2018 Merged with NLC/HLI/696/2020 Mbari ya Ngecha Family Association The Commission notes that the claim has scanty information and not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 17. NLC/HLI/456/2018 Mbari ya Gichamba Association The Commission notes that the claim is too broad and not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 18. NLC/HLI/500/2018 Mbari ya Muthemba The Commission notes that the claim is too broad and not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 19. NLC/HLI/504/2018 Mbari ya Hinga Society The Commission notes that the claim overlaps with other Mbari claims (Mbari ya Gicheru and Munjuga, and Mbari ya Wahothi Social Welfare Group) and therefore concludes that the claim cannot be substantively determined at this stage. Therefore, the Commission recommends further investigations within 6 months from the coming in of the next commission. 20. NLC/HLI/527/2018 Mbari ya Gikaru, Gikuni and Others Family The Commission notes that the claim overlaps with other Mbari claims (Mbari ya Wathiarara, Mbari ya Takinya and Mbari ya Ndinguri) and therefore concludes that the claim cannot be substantively determined at this stage. Therefore, the Commission recommends further investigations. 21. NLC/HLI/533/2018 Mbari ya Ndemengo The Commission notes that the claim is too broad and not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 14th November, 2025 THE KENYA GAZETTE No Case No & County Parties Recommendation 22. NLC/HLI/534/2018 Mbari ya Mugochoku The Commission notes that the claim overlaps with other Mbari claims (Mbari ya Ngotho Association, Mbari ya Githu Agathigia Association, and Mbari ya Nyamu Association) and therefore concludes that the claim cannot be substantively determined at this stage. Therefore, the Commission recommends further investigations within 6 months from the coming in of the next commission. 23. NLC/HLI/544/2018) Mbari ya Githu Agathigia Association The Commission notes that the claim overlaps with other Mbari claims (Mbari ya Mugochoku and Mbari ya Kuria Welfare Group) and therefore concludes that the claim cannot be substantively determined at this stage. Therefore, the Commission recommends further investigations within 6 months from the coming in of the next commission. 24. NLC/HLI/548/2018 as merged with NLC/HLI/607/2019 Mbari ya Nyamu The Commission notes that the claim overlaps with other Mbari claims (Mbari ya Mugochoku, Mbari ya Ngotho Association, Mbari ya Kabui Association, Mbari ya Githua Mutonga Association and Mbari ya Munyaka Family) and therefore concludes that the claim cannot be substantively determined at this stage. Therefore, the Commission recommends further investigations within 6 months from the coming in of the next commission. 25. NLC/HLI/569/2019 Mbari ya Wathiarara Gituiki Self Help Group The Commission notes that the claim overlaps with other Mbari claims (Mbari ya Takinya and Mbari ya Gikuni and others Family Welfare) and therefore concludes that the claim cannot be substantively determined at this stage. Therefore, the Commission recommends further investigations within 6 months from the coming in of the next commission. 26. NLC/HLI/572/2019 Mbari ya Mathini Family Welfare The Commission recommends compensation for loss of user rights to be paid by the Ministry in charge of Lands subject to confirmation that the claimants were not among those compensated in the Morris Carter Report or benefited from the settlement schemes. 27. NLC/HLI/583/2019 Mbari ya Mbuu The Commission notes that the claim has scanty information and not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 28. NLC/HLI/609/2019 as merged with NLC/HLI/682/2020 Mbari ya Manguru Association and Mbari ya Mage (Bama Self Help Group) The Commission notes that the claim has scanty information and not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 29. NLC/HLI/610/2019 Mbari ya Gitu Welfare Association The Commission notes that the claim has scanty information and not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 30. NLC/HLI/612/2019 Mbari ya Muinami (Korio Residents Association) The Commission recommends that the Ministry of Lands resettle the claimants subjected to confirmation that they have not benefitted from any settlement scheme. 31. NLC/HLI/703/2021, NLC HLI/768/2021 (Merged claiming the same land). Mbari Ya Njunu Farmers Cooperative Society The commission establishes that the claimant has a claim, and since the claimants are in occupancy of the claimed land, the Commission recommends for ADR with all the stakeholders. 32. NLC/HLI/707/2021 Mbari Ya Kuria Claim is dismissed for lack of particularity and for being vague and too amorphous. 33. NLC/ HLI/708/2021 Mbari Ya Mega Claim is dismissed for lack of particularity and for being vague and too amorphous. 34. NLC/HLI/711/2021 Mbari Ya Kiambu Hli Group The claim is hereby dismissed, the claim has been addressed by individual Mbari claims. 35. NLC/HLI/713/2021 Mbari Ya Kabui Association Overlapping With Mbari Ya Mage, Mbari Ya Manguru. The Commission notes that the claim is too broad and the claimed parcels not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 36. NLC/HLI/741/2021 Mbari Ya Maina And Karonjo Welfare Group The claimant claim is hereby dismissed; the claimant has not stated clearly the specific land/area they are claiming. 37. NLC/ HLI/749/2021 Mbari Ya Murugami(Ethaga) Family Welfare Association The claim is hereby dismissed; the claimant is not specific on the parcel number they are claiming. THE KENYA GAZETTE 14th November, 2025 No Case No & County Parties Recommendation 38. NLC/HLI/753/2021 Mbari Ya Kioi Nagi Self-Help Group The Commission recommends compensation for loss of user rights to be paid by the Ministry in charge of Lands subject to confirmation that the claimants were not among those compensated in the Morris Carter Report or benefited from the settlement schemes. 39. NLC/HLI/754/2021 Mbari Ya Kagoti The Commission recommends ADR between the registered owners and the claimants to be facilitated by the Ministry of Lands, Public Works, Housing and Urban Development. 40. NLC/HLI/783/2021 Mbari Ya Michuki The Commission notes that the claim has scanty information and not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 41. NLC/HLI/789/2021 Mbari Ya Wakahihia (Overlap With Mbari Ya Tigoni 72/2017 And Mbari Ya Gathiru 433/2018 On The Lo No 143) The Commission notes that the claim overlaps with other Mbari claims (Mbari ya Tigoni and Mbari ya Gathiru) and therefore concludes that the claim cannot be substantively determined at this stage. Therefore, the Commission recommends further investigations within 6 months from the coming in of the next commission. 42. NLC/HLI/941/2021 Mbari Ya Kihiko The Commission recommends compensation for loss of user rights to be paid by the Ministry in charge of Lands subject to confirmation that the claimants were not among those compensated in the Morris Carter Report or benefited from the settlement schemes. 43. NLC/HLI/944/2021 Mbari Ya Mote Gathenge Self-Help Group The Commission notes that the claim is too broad and the claimed parcels not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 44. NLC/HLI/1016/2021 Mbari Ya Muratha Njuguna The Commission notes that the claim is too broad and the claimed parcels not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 45. NLC/HLI/1022/2021 and NLC/HLI/1714/2021 Mbari Ya Wamutitu Family (Mt Margaret Estate Merged With Mbari Ya Wamutitu Wa Thananga Family The Commission recommends that the Ministry of Lands, Public Works, Housing and Urban Development resettle the claimants subjected to confirmation that they have not benefitted from any settlement scheme. 46. NLC/HLI/1427/2021 Mbari Ya Njuguna Wa Ng’ang’a The Commission notes that the claim is too broad and not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 47. NLC/HLI/1482/2021 Mbari Ya Ngatho Wa Kibuthui The Commission notes that the claim is too broad and not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 48. NLC/HLI/1498/2021 Mbari Ya Thairu Mbuu The Commission notes that the claim is too broad and not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 49. NLC/HLI/1712/2021 Mbari Ya Gitau/Gathenge The Commission notes that the claim is too broad and not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 50. NLC/HLI/3303/2021 Mbari Ya Thairu Self Help Group The Commission notes that the claim is too broad and not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 51.. NLC/HLI/3305/2021 Mbari Ya Mbuu Association The Commission notes that the claim is not clear. Therefore the claim is dismissed. 52. NLC/HLI/3307/2021 Mbari Ya Takinya Claim is dismissed for lack of particularity and for being vague and too amorphous. Further Takinya sold land to Kioi making it clear that he had plenty land. Claim is hereby dismissed. 53. NLC/HLI/3519/2021 Mbari Ya Ndinguru Kabaka And Gatuma There is need to investigate the claim further to determine if Kenya Forest Service (KFS) degazetted the land for settlement, including the land currently occupied by Farmers Choice and Nairobi Water. 54. NLC/HLI/3665/2021 Mbari Ya Thiru Welfare Group The Commission recommends that the Ministry of Lands, Public Works, Housing and Urban Development resettle the claimants subjected to confirmation that they have not benefitted from any settlement scheme. 55. NLC/HLI/3667/2021 Mbari Ya Maina Self Help Group The Commission notes that the claim has scanty information and not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 56. NLC/HLI/3681/2021 Mbari Ya Gicheha The Commission recommends that the Ministry of Lands, Public Works, Housing and Urban Development resettle the claimants subjected to confirmation that they have not benefitted from any settlement scheme, and as well give an apology to the claimants. 14th November, 2025 THE KENYA GAZETTE No Case No & County Parties Recommendation 57. NLC/HLI/3731/2021 Mbari Ya Muriithi The Commission notes that the claim has scanty information and not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 58. NLC/HLI/3735/2021 Mbari Ya Chege And Muturi The Commission notes that the claim has scanty information and not well defined. The claim is therefore dismissed. 59. NLC/HLI/3739/2021 Mbari Ya Gathirimu Wa Mathenge The Commission recommends compensation for loss of user rights to be paid by the Ministry in charge of Lands subject to confirmation that the claimants were not among those compensated in the Morris Carter Report or benefited from the settlement schemes. KAKUZI POS :- RULINGS ON CLAIMS AGAINST KAKUZI PLC No Case No & County Parties Recommendation 1. NLC/HLI/176/2018, NLC/HLI/054/2017, NLC/HLI/069/2017, NLC/HLI/223/2018, NLC/HLI/170/2018, NLC/HLI/049/2017, NLC/HLI/052/2017, NLC/HLI/530/2018, NLC/HLI/1285/2021 & NLC/HLI/063/2017 Muranga County Kakuzi Plc (Applicant/Respondent) Vs Kitito Community Idps (1st Respondent/Claimant) Gathungururu Self Help Group/Village (2nd Respondent/Claimant) Gaichanjiru Self Help Group (Mwambu) (3rd Respondent/Claimant) Kangangu Gikono Community/Self Help Group (4th Respondent/Claimant) Kinyangi Squatters (5th Respondent/Claimant) Kihinganda Self Help Group (6th Respondent/Claimant) Makuyu Sisal Idps (7th Respondent/Claimant) Gachangi Makuyu Idps & Gachagi Self Help Group (8th Respondent/Claimant) John Rugano Nthuraku (Respondent/Claimant) And Hon Attorney General (Interested Party) In conclusion, the Commission in regards to the 9 complaints, Kakuzi Plc Vs Kitito Community IDPs (NLC/HLI/176/2018), Kakuzi PLC vs Gathungururu Self Help Group/Village (NLC/HLI/054/2017), Kakuzi Plc vs Gaichanjiru Self-Help Group (NLC/HLI/069/2017), Kakuzi Plc vs Kangangu Gikono Community/Self Help Group (NLC/HLI/223/2018), Kakuzi PLC Vs Kinyangi Squatters (NLC/HLI/170/2018), Kakuzi Plc Vs Kihinganda Self Help Group (NLC/HLI/049/2017), Kakuzi PLC Vs Makuyu Sisal IDPS (NLC/HLI/052/2017), Kakuzi PLC Vs Gachagi Makuyu IDPS & Gachagi Self Help Group (NLC/HLI/530/2018 and/or NLC/HLI/1285/2021) & Kakuzi PLC Vs John Rugano Nthuraku (NLC/HLI/063/2017) parties better described hereinbefore makes the following orders: i. The preliminary objections dated 30th January, 2024 be and are hereby allowed; ii. The complaints by the Respondent/Claimants be and are hereby dismissed; iii. Each party to bear its own costs. RECOMMENDATIONS ON CLAIMS AGAINST KAKUZI PLC No Case No & County Parties Recommendation 1. NLC/HLI/006/2017 (1st Claimant) NLC/HLI/168/2018 (2nd Claimant) NLC/HLI/580/2019 ((3rd Claimant) & NLC/HLI/3718/2021 (4th Claimant) Kakuzi Division Development Association (1st Claimant) Kituamba Kaloleni Idps (2nd Claimant) Milimani Community (3rd Claimant Hannah Njoki Mwangi (4th Claimant) VS Kakuzi Plc (1st Respondent) Hon Attorney General (2nd Respondent) County Govertment of Muranga (Interested Party) (a) That Kakuzi Plc surrenders 3200 acres of appropriate land to settle the most vulnerable members of the claimants as a final settlement on any claims against Kakuzi Plc. (b) That the Ministry of Lands, Public Works, Housing and Urban Development (Directorate of Land Adjudication and Settlement) in consultation with the Ministry of Interior and National Administration to vet and profile to vet, profile and settle the vulnerable members accordingly. (c) The Director Land Adjudication and Settlement in consultation with Kakuzi PLC and any other Relevant Government Institution to regularize the Settlement schemes within Kakuzi Land by enabling titling where pending and conclude the settlement in Phase V and any other of the settlement schemes within Kakuzi land. (d) In consultation with the relevant Government Institutions and Departments document and regularize public utilities to the relevant Institutions and departments. (e) The Respondent Kakuzi PLC to relocate schools and public utilities with challengers in access closer to the people and in the alternative provide proper access roads. This to be done in consultation with the public/users as well as other relevant Government Institutions & Departments. THE KENYA GAZETTE 14th November, 2025 No Case No & County Parties Recommendation (f) That Kakuzi PLC to regularize and/or document all surrendered land to the County Government of Muranga ie market centers and any other public utilities and amenities (g) That further and in consultation with the County Government of Murang’a, Kakuzi PLC surrenders at least 50 acres of land in an appropriate location solely for public purpose, for the development of an urban centers for any other public utilities and amenities in exchange of the 5 acres which had been identified. MOMBASA COUNTY No Case No & County Parties Recommendation 1. NLC/HLI/1255/2021 Abdalla Mwakaga VS.County Government of Mombasa and Others The historical land injustice claim is therefore dismissed. 2. NLC/HLI/861/2021 Fredrick Nicholas Onyango VS. Seif Ahmed and Others The HLI Claim is hereby dismissed. 3. NLC/HLI/1253/2021 Likoni Community for Development VS. County Government of Mombasa and Others The claim is hereby dismissed. 4. NLC/HLI/1205/2021 Mwanamaurid Omar Mzee Vs. Kenya Airports Authority The Claim is hereby dismissed. 5. NLC/HLI/1252/2021 Salim Mwabahale Vs. Kariuki Enterprise and George Thuo and Others The Commission finds that the claim presently before it is unsustainable for being sub judice 6. NLC/HLI/565/2019 Wajomvu Community Vs. County Government of Mombasa and Others i. The HLI claim is hereby dismissed. ii. However, in the public interest, the Mombasa County Government should facilitate a lawful dialogue between the Methodist Church and the community to resolve the occupation issue. 7. NLC/HLI/2080/2021 & NLC/HLI/2082/2021 Ziro Mwangeki and James Boma (Ujeri Uhumika CBO) Vs. County Government of Mombasa and Others The claim is hereby dismissed. MACHAKOS COUNTY No Case No & County Parties Recommendation 1. NLC/HLI/33668/2021 Samson Muinde Munyao (on behalf of 48 others Vs. County Government of Machakos and Others (i) A historical land injustice is hereby declared to have been occasioned upon the Kiima Kimwe community concerning their dispossession from portions of L.R. No. 1491/R. (ii) The settlement of 240 (Two Hundred and Forty) Acres from L.R. No. 1491/R to the Kiima Kimwe community, as conceptualized by the 2013 Task Force, is hereby ratified as a full, fair, and final settlement of this historical land injustice claim. (iii) The County Government of Machakos, to survey the 240 acres as per the PDP of 2013 and request the National Land Commission to allocate to Kiima Kimwe community. (iv) The registered title of the Catholic Diocese of Machakos over L.R. No. 11619 is absolute and indefeasible and shall remain undisturbed. (v) The claims of the 2nd Interested Party (Ex-LDM Allotees) shall be subjected to a fresh, case-by-case verification process by the County Government within twelve (12) months. Only allotees with verifiable documentation shall be considered for alternative allocation within the county's land reserve. Existing titles shall be respected. Allotments that did not proceed to titles shall be prioritized in fresh allocations and regularization. (vi) The Machakos new City plan should be implemented with appropriate adjustments to accommodate plans that support existing titles particularly those arising from Ex-LMD Claimants with titles. (vii) Letters of allotment approved by the Commission be processed in the context of the interests identified herein. (viii) Parcel Number 1491/2 be re-planned to take into account the existing commitments, the interest of the Veterinary Department and developing needs of the urban development. Any deficiency that will arise from the settlement of the claimants in the 240 acres initially identified after review of the plans on 1491/R be accommodated in the re-planning of 1491/2. 14th November, 2025 THE KENYA GAZETTE OGIEK OF MT ELGON, KONY, AND ELGON MASAI No Case No & County Parties Recommendation 1. NLC/HLI/198/2018 consolidated with NLC/HLI/346/2018, NLC/HLI/361/2018, NLC/HLI/362/2018, NLC/HLI/1075/2021, NLC/HLI/279/2018, NLC/HLI/388/2018, NLC/HLI/593/2017, NLC/HLI/133/2017, NLC/HLI/939/2021, NLC/HLI/760/2021, NLC/HLI/489/2021 & NLC/HLI/042/2017 Ogiek/Dorobo Community of Mount Elgon, Kony (Sabaot)Community, Kony Indigenous Farm Company Ltd, Sabaot Community, The Sabiny Community (Under the Sabaot Umbrella), Elgon Masai Community, The Association of Elgon Masai (Kony), Kiboroa Squatters, Kiboroa Self Help Group, Kiboroa Amani Mbele Self Help Group Vs- Kenya Forest Service, Kenya Wildlife Services, Kenya Seed Company Limited, County Government of Bungoma, County Government of Trans Nzoia, Ministry of Lands, Urban Development and Housing, Privatization Authority, Agricultural Development Corporation, Attorney General (a) The claim by the Claimants touching on Mt. Elgon Forest and Chepkitale National Reserve are res judicata by dint of the court decisions in Bungoma Environment and Land Court Petition No.1 of 2017 and Bungoma Environment and Land Court Petition No.10 of 2022 and the Commission will therefore down its tools and not proceed to make any determination. (b) The Ministry in charge of Lands and the Ministry in charge of Forestry to regularize and complete the settlement process with respect to Chepyuk II and Chepyuk III Settlement Schemes in Bungoma County and settle anyone earmarked for settlement including the Claimants. (c) The Ministry in charge of Lands and the Ministry in charge of Forestry to cause the degazettement of Kitalale Forest by the National Assembly and regularize and complete the settlement process with respect to Kitalale Settlement Scheme and settle those earmarked for resettlement from the membership of the claimants. In addition, 10% of the ADC zea farm land be surrendered by ADC and surveyed to settle some of the landless claimants. (d) The Ministry in charge of lands to ensure only those who are landless or squatters or those who have not benefitted from any settlement scheme are settled in terms of recommendation (b) and (c). (e) In consultation with the National Land Commission, the County and the National Government through the Ministry in charge of Wildlife to work out a benefit sharing formula with the local communities from the income generated out of Mt Elgon National Park. (f) The Kenya Forest Service to consider giving licenses to communities around Mt Elgon Forest for communities or user rights for purposes of extracting medicinal properties, bee keeping and religious activities within the framework of the Forest Conservation and Management Act of 2016 and in compliance of the decision of the court in Bungoma Environment and Land Court Petition No.1 of 2017. 2. NLC/HLI/360/2018 Bong’ omek Community Vs The National Government of Kenya, Attorney General The claim by the Claimants be and is hereby dismissed. MAKUENI COUNTY No Case No & County Parties Recommendation 1. NLC/HLI/031/2017 Joshua Ng’ang’a on behalf of Ngukakika Community (Claimant) -v- DWA Sisal Ltd & others (Respondents) (a) The land held by DWA Sisal Estate Limited to be resurveyed by the Director of Survey, in the presence of Surveyors from the parties, to determine the actual acreage. If the survey reveals any excess land beyond the portion lawfully owned by the company, such excess shall be surrendered to the community. (b) The 1996 assessment conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock Development and Marketing shall be investigated jointly by the Ministry of Lands, Public Works, Housing & Urban Development and the Ministry of Agriculture & Livestock Development to establish whether the community was compensated. If it is found that no compensation was made, DWA Sisal Estate Limited shall be required to pay compensation for the damages accordingly. 2. NLC/HLI/262/2018 Kwitu Kinyoo Community (Claimant) v- Ukambani Agricultural Institute (UKAI), South Eastern Kenya University (SEKU) & others (Respondents) The Ministry of Lands, Public Works, Housing and Urban Development, in collaboration with the Ministry of Interior and National Administration, should identify any displaced persons and resettle them through the Settlement Fund Trustee (SFT). SEKU should formalize its ownership of the land, prepare a comprehensive Land Use and Management Plan, and forward the same to the Commission for review and approval, in line with sustainable land utilization and governance principles. THE KENYA GAZETTE 14th November, 2025 No Case No & County Parties Recommendation 3. NLC/HLI/415/2018 Katende Forest Squatters (Claimant) -v- Kenya Forest Services & others (Respondents) The Commission shall prepare a Ground Status Report to ascertain the current status and occupation of the land, including confirmation as to whether any squatters remain in residence thereon. The Report shall further verify the identities of persons who previously occupied the land and who were displaced at the time of gazettement. 4. NLC/HLI/1723/2021 Samuel Musaa Ndolo on behalf of occupiers of Kenze Forest (Claimant) -v- Kenya Forest Services & others (Respondents) The Commission shall prepare a Ground Status Report to ascertain the current status and occupation of the land, including confirmation as to whether any squatters remain in residence thereon. The Report shall further verify the identities of persons who previously occupied the land and who were displaced at the time of gazettement. 5. NLC/HLI/463/2018 Kalimani Forest Squatters (Claimant) -v- Kenya Forest Services & others (Respondents) The Commission shall prepare a Ground Status Report to ascertain the current status and occupation of the land, including confirmation as to whether any squatters remain in residence thereon. The Report shall further verify the identities of persons who previously occupied the land and who were displaced at the time of gazettement. 6. NLC/HLI/683/2020 Muooni Community (Claimant) -v- Family of Reuben Nzioka Mutua & others (Respondents) The parties to proceed with the appeal that is pending hearing and determination. 7. NLC/HLI/558/2019 Chyulu Hills Squatters (Claimant) -v- Kenya Wildlife Service & others (Respondents) The Commission shall prepare a Ground Status Report to ascertain the current status and occupation of the land, including confirmation as to whether any squatters remain in residence thereon. The Report shall further verify the identities of persons who previously occupied the land and who were displaced at the time of gazettement. 8. NLC/HLI/659/2020 Chyulu Hills/ Mikululo Evictees (Claimant) -v- Kenya Wildlife Service & others (Respondents) The parties to proceed with Court of Appeal Civil Appeal No. E548 of 2021 Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) -vs- Mikululo Ranching Co. Ltd & 3 others that is pending hearing and determination. MARSABIT COUNTY 1. NLC/HLI/837/2021 Borana Council of Elders (BCE) Saku Chapter (Claimant) -v- Kenya Wildlife Service & others (Respondents) (a) The parties to proceed with Nyeri COA Civil Application No. E032 of 2025 that is pending hearing and determination. (b) Marsabit County has experienced long-standing conflicts among the communities residing therein, driven by competition over resources, historical grievances, and political differences. To address these deep-rooted challenges, the Commission encourages the use of traditional dispute resolution mechanisms (TDRMs) as a culturally grounded and effective approach to peacebuilding. (c) It is noted that not all the communities residing within Marsabit County had an opportunity to present their claims. Therefore, in the interest of fair administration of justice, all interested parties should be afforded the opportunity to be heard and to make submissions prior to making final recommendations. 2. NLC/HLI/1463/2021 Rendille Community (Claimant) -v- Kenya Wildlife Service & others (Respondents) (a) The parties to proceed with Nyeri COA Civil Application No. E032 of 2025 that is pending hearing and determination. (b) The ongoing process concerning the excision of a portion of Karare Reserve is currently under consideration. The Commission will allow the completion of this process, which shall be handled by the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) in accordance with existing laws and conservation policies. (c) The community and KWS are encouraged to engage in benefit-sharing arrangements within the Losai National Reserve to promote mutual understanding, equitable resource utilization, and community support for conservation initiatives. (d) Marsabit County has experienced long-standing conflicts among the communities residing therein, driven by competition over resources, historical grievances, and political differences. To address these deep-rooted challenges, the Commission encourages the use of 14th November, 2025 THE KENYA GAZETTE No Case No & County Parties Recommendation traditional dispute resolution mechanisms (TDRMs) as a culturally grounded and effective approach to peacebuilding. (e) It is noted that not all the communities residing within Marsabit County had an opportunity to present their claims. Therefore, in the interest of fair administration of justice, all interested parties should be afforded the opportunity to be heard and to make submissions prior to making final recommendations. ELGEYO MARAKWET COUNTY 1. NLC/HLI/379/2018 and NLC/HLI/830/2018 Sengwer Community & Occupants of Sinen Glade -v- Kenya Forest Service, the Attorney General & Others a) The claims by the Claimants touching on Embobut Forest and Kabolet Forest are sub judice and res judicata by dint of the court decisions in Eldoret ELC No.15 of 2013 –David Kiptum Yator Vs. Kenya Forest Service & Others as consolidated with Eldoret ELC No.3 of 2018, Eldoret Court of Appeal Case No.150 of 2020 – David Kiptum Yator Vs. Kenya Forest Service & Others and Kitale Constitutional Petition No.6 of 2012 –James Kaptipin & 43 Others Vs. the Attorney General & Others and the commission will therefore down its tools and not proceed to make any determination on the two public forests. b) The Kenya Forest Service to consider giving licenses to communities living around the public forests that are not subject to any court proceedings or have not been subject to any court proceedings such as for the communities to enjoy user rights for purposes of extracting medicinal properties, bee keeping and religious activities within the framework of the Forest Conservation and Management Act of 2016. c) In consultation with the National Land Commission, the County and the National Government through the Ministry in charge of Wildlife to work out a benefit sharing formula with the local communities from the income generated out of Siwa Swamp National Park. KWALE COUNTY 1. NLC/HLI/738/2021 County Government of Kwale on behalf of Residents of Pongwe Kikoneni Ward -V- Min of Lands Others (a) Registrar to cancel the four titles (b) Settlement should be completed on the Pongwe Kikoneni settlement scheme. 2. NLC/HLI/883/2021 Christopher Ligogo –v- AG & Others Ministry of Lands, Public Works, Housing and Urban Development to lead mediation between the Lugogo family and the Mwavumbo Group Ranch Committee before the commencement of subdivision on the disputed land. 3. NLC/HLI/884/2021 consolidated with NLC/HLI/577/2019 Salim Bwana Changoma -V- AG &Others The 17 families to be settled by the ministry of lands in conjunction with the County government through the settlement fund. 4. NLC/HLI/890/2021 Busho farmers -V- Taru Ranch & Others Ranch to revert back to its original intended purpose. The 101 members to be included in the membership The claim on subdividion is dismissed. 5. NLC/HLI/899/2021 Changoti Lungwe families –v- Dakota Ranch & Others Claim is Su bjudice following an active Case in Kwale ELC E001 of 2025; Changoti Lungwe & Others Vs Dakota Ranching Co.& Others 6. NLC/HLI/973/2021 Denyenye Maweni Vs Bamburi & Others County Government of Kwale in collaboration with KERRA to create public access to the beach through the Bamburi cement land. 7. NLC/HLI/1008/2021 consolidated with NLC/HLI/1105/2021 Joseph Dzuya Lipuka& Stephen Aronie – V- Methodist Church Mazeras &Others Methodist Church to subdivide and transfer land to its members and to public institutions 8. NLC/HLI/1047/2021 Abdalla Juma Mwanganzi on behalf of Diani Settlement Scheme. (a) Ministry of lands to resettle the claimants under the Settlement Fund. (b) Ministry of Lands to audit the Diani settlement scheme. 9. NLC/HLI/1139/2021 consolidated with NLC/HLI/1140/2021, NLC/HLI/1142/2021& NLC/HLI/1143/2021 County Govt of Kwale on behalf of Tiwi, Waa, Gombato &Tiwa Communities. -V- Bixa Company, Min of Lands & Others The County Government is conflicted. Claim dismissed. THE KENYA GAZETTE 14th November, 2025 No Case No & County Parties Recommendation 10. NLC/HLI/119/2017 Funzi Bodo Vs Min of Lands & Others The Claim on ancestral land succeeds. Registrar to cancel all the private titles registered on the islands and revert back to public land. The claim to register the land as community land is dismissed. 11. NLC/HLI/1007/2021 Julani Welfare Association Vs Min of Lands &Others The Commission noted that the matter had been heard before the court of Law. 12. NLC/HLI/1121/2021 Mrima Bwiti Settlement Scheme Phase 2 Vs Min of Lands & Others The Ministry of lands, Public Works, Housing and Urban Development to regularize the Adjudication and Settlement of the Mrima Bwiti Settlement Scheme in accordance with the original Map. Registrar to address the discrepancies 13. NLC/HLI/966/2021 Mwafitini Juma Bakari Vs Min of Lands & Others Claims on squatter dismissed. Documentation of all public utilities as by the law Min of Lands to Regularize allocations of WAA II Settlement Scheme. GARISSA COUNTY 1. NLC/HLI/1026/2021 and NLC/HLI/1435/2021 (consolidated) Family Of the Late Haji Mohamed Abdi Harage Maramtu Farm No. 3/ Abdullahi Haji Mohamed /Zainab Mohamed Abdi Vs G. K Prisons Service, Garissa, Attorney General, County Government of Garissa County, Ministry of Lands, Public Works, Housing and Urban Development Ministry Of Interior and National Administration The Claimants’ claims succeed and the County Government of Garissa is to monetary compensate the claimants in the value of land so claimed upon failure to allocate the claimants an alternative land of equivalent acreage and value, within the stipulated statutory time of 3 years. BUSIA COUNTY 1. NLC/HLI/993/2021 Bunyala North Community Vs Ministry of Environment and Forestry & Others (a) The claim in respect of Sisenye Hills (Mumbaka Forest) is hereby dismissed. (b) In accordance with the Forest Conservation and Management Act, 2016, the parties are encouraged to engage in benefit-sharing arrangements to promote mutual understanding, equitable resource utilization, and community support for conservation initiatives. Additionally, The Kenya Forest Service (KFS) is advised to consider issuing licences or permits to members of the community. (c) The Director of Survey conducts a joint cadastral survey of the forest area in the presence of surveyor from the Commission and community ascertain the boundary between the forest and the private parcels of land. (d) If the Claimants wish to pursue conversion of the land to community land, the same should be done following the due legal process specifically under the provisions of the Land Act and the Forest Conservation and Management Act. 2. NLC/HLI/1004/2021 Kennedy Ochieng Vs Ministry of Interior and National Administration (a) Parcel Bunvala Bulemia 2074 (now Busia/Bulemia 7410) be compensated by the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government (b) It is strongly recommended that a final survey and formal vesting of the Bundalangi Divisional Headquarters be undertaken in accordance with the relevant provisions of the law within twelve (12) months of this recommendation. 3. NLC/HLI/1699/2021 Abanyala Community of Busia County C/O Center for Minority Rights Development (a) The Claim is upheld. (b) The Commission recommends that the County Government of Busia Plans and Surveys the Portion of the Delta within their administrative boundaries guided by The Yala Delta Land Use Plan and provide for setting aside land for Community, Investment/Development and Conservation. (c) The Land for the Community be registered in the name of the Abanyala Community in accordance with the Community Land Act. 14th November, 2025 THE KENYA GAZETTE No Case No & County Parties Recommendation (d) Land for Investment/ development be held in trust by the County Government in Trust for the residents of Busia County and; (e) Land for Conservation be reserved for conservation and be placed under the care control and management of Kenya Wildlife Service. TAITA TAVETA COUNTY 1. NLC/HLI/1709/2021 Zungulukani Community v. Kambanga Ranching (Da) Co. Ltd (i) The Kambanga Ranching (DA) Co. Ltd. surrenders 1,519 Ha to the claimants and any claimants who might have encroached on the Ranch immediately move out of the said Ranch. (ii) The Kambanga Ranching Ltd make full use of the remaining Ranch. KISII COUNTY 1. NLC/HLI/608/2018 Mwanyabaro Clan Members v. Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization& County Government of Kisii The claim succeeds. The Ministry of Agriculture, in collaboration with the Ministry of Lands, Public Works, Housing & and Urban Development, shall facilitate the resettlement of the affected clan members under the Settlement Trust Fund. KISUMU COUNTY 1. NLC/HLI/309/2018 Residents of Kanyakwar and South Kajulu v. Government of Kenya & Kisumu County Government The County Government of Kisumu, in consultation with the Ministry of Interior and National Administration, shall identify all individuals who were either not compensated or were under- compensated and ensure that appropriate compensation is effected in accordance with the law. 2. NLC/HLI/3733/2018 Kogony Land Council of Elders Vs Kenya Airports Authority, Attorney General of Kenya, Ministry of Lands, Public Works, Housing and Urban Development, Ministry of Transport & Infrastructure and County Government of Kisumu The claimants (Kogony Clan) be compensated with alternative land of commensurate value or monetary compensation for the displacement by the Ministry of Roads and Transport through the Kenya Airports Authority. KEIYAN SELF-HELP GROUP 1. NLC/HLI/057/2017 Keiyan Self-Help Group Vs Members of Keiyan, Oloontare, Sikawa and Oldanyati The hearing of the claim could not be concluded due to time constraints. The next set of commissioners to handle presentation of the claimant’s surveyor and further hearing of the claim. TANA RIVER COUNTY No Case No & County Parties Recommendation 1. NLC/HLI/365/2018 & 11 Others Wardei Council of Elder) & Others -V- Kibusu Ranch & Others 1. Land Surrender and Reallocation 1.1. To redress the state of landlessness and long standing squatter issues among the communities in Tana River, we recommend that Ranches and Private holding companies consider ceding 20% of their land for resettlement of the landless and the squatters. 1.2. All Ranches to open up their membership to local communities as was originally intended. 1.3. Mat International Ltd shall surrender 14,910 ha which is land held beyond the 7,545 ha that is in its original allotment letter. 1.4. All land surrendered under this determination shall vest in the County Government of Tana River as trustee, and allocated in accordance with relevant laws, community needs, and land use planning instruments. 1.5. A 10% land reserve shall be set aside by the County Government for public purposes and land banking. 2. NLC/HLI/366/2018 Pokomo Council of Elders -V- Mat International 2. Restoration and Support of Cultural Institutions. The National Government, through the Ministry of Culture and Heritage, in collaboration with the County Government of Tana River, shall: THE KENYA GAZETTE 14th November, 2025 Ltd & Others 2.1. Fund and institutionalize community-based cultural structures (e.g. elders’ councils, spiritual leadership, land councils), 2.2. Facilitate capacity building for these institutions to: 2.2.1. Mediate local disputes, 2.2.2. Promote cultural healing and reintegration, 2.2.3. Support community in inter-generational knowledge transmission, land governance and natural resource management in line with existing law and devolved governance structures. 2.2.4. existing law and devolved governance structures. 3. NLC/HLI/959/2021 - Tana North Orma & 2 others –V- Hola Irrigation Scheme & Another 3. Empowerment of Hunter-Gatherer Communities 3.1. Hunter-gatherers (e.g., Waata) shall be prioritized in: 3.1.1. Resettlement, 3.1.2. Educational scholarships, 3.1.3. Alternative livelihood support (eco-tourism, conservancies, forest stewardship), 3.1.4. Civic registration and cultural protection. 3.1.5. Civic registration and cultural protection 4. NLC/HLI/954/2021 Dalu Community -V- Kibusu Ranch & Another 4. Registration of Community Land 4.1. The Ministry of Lands, in partnership with the County Government and NLC, shall: 4.1.1. Expedite community land registration for Bantu, Cushitic, Coastal, and Hunter-Gatherer groups. 4.1.2. Areas with multiple pastoralist or mixed-use claims to be registered as communal land with shared grazing protocols, rotational access, and local mediation councils—without subdividing or issuing exclusive title. 4.1.3. Provide safeguards for communities who did not submit formal claims but were still affected 5. NLC/HLI/2002/2021 Golbanti Orma Vs Tarda & Others 5. Audit and Redress of Adjudication and Settlement and Schemes 5.1. The Cabinet Secretary Ministry of Land and Physical Planning, Housing and Urban Development Fund shall: 5.1.1. Audit all schemes for irregular allocations/adjudication, 5.1.2. Recover misallocated public utility lands. 5.1.3. Regularize holdings where beneficiaries occupy land in good faith. 5.1.4. Reallocate abandoned/unclaimed parcels to original or indigenous communities. 5.1.5. communities. 6. Protection of Natural Resources and Livelihood Systems 6.1. Kenya Wildlife Service ( KWS), Kenya Forest Service (KFS), NMK, and the County Government shall: 6.1.2. Identify, demarcate, and gazette animal corridors, water channels (malkas), grazing lands, and water points (especially along River Tana), 6.1.3. Safeguard burial and sacred sites, forested zones, and floodplains from encroachment. 7. Public Institutions’ Land Regularization 7.1. Land held by public institutions shall be: 7.1.1. Planned, Surveyed and Registered, 7.1.2. Protected for continued public use, 7.1.3. Where applicable, provide for non-extractive access by adjacent communities. 7.2. If on survey as provided in 7.1.1, it is established that the that public institutions are occupying more land than was contained in originating instruments, the extra land shall be surrendered to the County Government for restitution. In particular: 7.2.1. Urban Areas: Land currently under NIA and other public institutions and forming part of urban areas and trading centers shall be 14th November, 2025 THE KENYA GAZETTE surrendered to the County Government, with land of equivalent size and suitability offered elsewhere in exchange. 7.2.2. equivalent size and suitability offered elsewhere in exchange. 8. Memoranda of Understanding with Host Communities All private landowners, ranches, and public institutions shall enter into MOUs with hosting communities to promote peaceful coexistence and mutual benefit. MOUs must cover: 8.1. Cultural respect and recognition, 8.2. Shared access rights to resources, 8.3. Employment or CSR obligations, 8.4. Dispute resolution and review mechanisms. 9. County Boundaries All claims relating to county boundaries are dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. Claimants are advised to pursue such issues through constitutional processes established under Article 188, the County Governments Act, or the Intergovernmental Relations Framework. Claims of historical land injustice based on community occupation, dispossession, or marginalisation may still be investigated and addressed by the Commission within the existing county boundaries. *These findings and recommendations in this determination do not apply to or affect Idassa Godana Ranch. 11. Insecurity and Weak Infrastructure on Land Use The National Government, in collaboration with the County Government of Tana River, should prioritise improving security, expanding infrastructure, and increasing investment in public services in affected areas to create an enabling environment for productive land use, peaceful co-existence, and community development. This includes improving road access, enhancing policing, and establishing service delivery centres. 12. Integrating National Values in Implementation The Commission recommends that all settlement, restitution, and land regularization efforts pursuant to this determination: 12.1. Uphold national unity and non-discrimination by ensuring that land rights and settlement programs do not exclude other Kenyans from settling or investing in Tana River County, provided such actions are lawful and respectful of community rights. 12.2. Incorporate civic education to sensitize communities on the distinction between community land rights and ethnic-based exclusion, and to promote inter-community dialogue and mutual respect. 12.3. Adopt inclusive planning frameworks that balance communal land protection with opportunities for shared infrastructure, public utilities, inter-county cooperation, and national investment. 12.4. Discourage communal isolationism by reinforcing that community land registration under the Community Land Act is a tool for development and stewardship, not for restricting lawful access, trade, or investment. 12.5. Affirm the constitutional rights of all Kenyans to acquire property and reside in any part of the country, while ensuring such rights are exercised with due regard to cultural sensitivity and sustainability. 12.6. with due regard to cultural sensitivity and sustainability. 13. Institutional Accountability and Monitoring 13.1. The County Government of Tana River and NLC shall jointly oversee implementation of this roadmap. 13.2. NLC shall integrate these recommendations into its broader public land administration work in the County. 13.3. Annual reports on implementation progress shall be submitted to the Senate and County Assembly of Tana River. GERSHOM OTACHI, Chairman, National Land Commission.